التطبيقات المعاصرة للذكاء الاصطناعي في البحث الجنائي: إسهاماته وتحدياته القانونية
Contemporary Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Investigation: Contributions and Legal Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55265/lpsjournal.v5i1.161Abstract
This study examines the contributions and legal challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) in criminal investigations using a descriptive-analytical methodology. The findings demonstrate that AI tools, such as facial recognition and behavioural analysis, significantly enhance the accurate identification of perpetrators and reduce conventional investigation times. These technologies enable precise crime-mapping and the linking of evidence to prior offences, elevating forensic inference and mitigating evidence tampering. Additionally, predictive policing strategies integrate AI with human capabilities to forecast criminal activity, support law enforcement, advance forensics, deliver efficient security services, and manage crises. The study highlights that traditional penal legislation is inadequate to address the continuous technological evolution of cybercrime, as existing laws were not designed for the information technology era. Examining the legislative framework of the Emirate of Dubai reveals an acceptance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in investigations, coupled with stringent controls to balance security objectives with the protection of individual rights. This affirms the legitimacy of applying AI technologies in criminal investigations while underscoring the pressing need for a comprehensive regulatory framework to ensure legal compliance and the rigorous safeguarding of fundamental rights.
ملخص البحث
يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على التطبيقات المعاصرة للذكاء الاصطناعي في البحث الجنائي، وإسهاماته وتحدياته القانونية. وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لدراسة التطبيقات المعاصرة للذكاء الاصطناعي في البحث الجنائي، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج، من أهمها أن استخدام أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي، مثل التعرف على الوجوه وتحليل السلوكيات، يسهم في تحديد هوية الفاعلين الإجراميين بدقة عالية، وتقليل الوقت المستغرق في التحقيقات التقليدية. كما بينت الدراسة أن هذه التقنيات تمكّن المحققين من إنشاء خرائط دقيقة للجرائم وربط الأدلة بمسارات الجرائم السابقة، مما يرفع مستوى الاستدلال الجنائي ويحد من إمكانية التلاعب بالأدلة. علاوة على ذلك، تعمل استراتيجية الشرطة التنبؤية على دمج الذكاء الاصطناعي مع القدرات البشرية بهدف تعزيز فعالية العمل الأمني؛ إذ يُستعمل الذكاء الاصطناعي للتنبؤ بالجرائم ودعم العمليات الشرطية والتحقيقات العلمية، كما يسهم في تقديم الخدمات الأمنية للمواطنين بكفاءة، ويُستخدم كذلك في التخطيط وإدارة الأزمات والكوارث بشكل منظّم. ولم تعد النصوص الجزائية التقليدية كافية للتعامل مع الجرائم المعلوماتية، نظرًا إلى أن أساليب هذه الجرائم تتطور باستمرار من الناحية التكنولوجية، وأن القوانين التي وُضعت سابقًا لم تتضمن التصدي للتقنيات والابتكارات الجديدة التي أحدثتها تكنولوجيا المعلومات. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يعكس الإطار التشريعي في إمارة دبي قبول المشرّع باستخدام الطائرات بدون طيار ضمن إجراءات التقصي والتحقيق، مع وضع ضوابط صارمة تضمن التوفيق بين تحقيق الأهداف الأمنية وحماية حقوق الأفراد وفق الأطر القانونية السارية. ويؤكد ذلك مشروعية تطبيق تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي، مع الحاجة الملحّة إلى إنشاء هيكل تنظيمي منظم يضمن الالتزام بالقوانين وصون الحقوق.
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